Methods of Estimating National Income free essay sample

National Income (Contd. ) Methods used to measure National Income Calculating National Income There are various methods for calculating the national income such as production method, income method, expenditure method etc. Income Method: Different factors of production are paid for their productive services rendered to an organization. The various incomes that are included in these methods are wages, income of self-employed, interest, profit, dividend, rents, and surplus of public sector and net flow of income from abroad. Expenditure Method: The various sectors – the household sector, the government sector, the business sector, either spend their income on consumer goods and services or they save a part of their income. These can be categorized as private consumption expenditure, private investment, public consumption, public investment etc. as shown in the above table. ProductMethod The production method gives us national income or national product based on the final value of the produce and the origin of the produce in terms of the industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods of Estimating National Income or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All producing units are classified sector wise. †¢ Primary sector is divided into agriculture, fisheries, and animal husbandry. †¢ Secondary sector consists of manufacturing. †¢ Tertiary sector is divided into trade, transport, communication, banking, insurance etc Problems on National Income- 1. With the help of following data, calculate National Income at factor cost. GNP = 5, 00,000 Crs. Depreciation = 50,000 Crs. Indirect taxes = 30,000 Crs. Subsidies = 5,000 Crs. Solution: NI at factor cost = GNP – Depreciation – Taxes + Subsidies. = 5, 00,000- 50,000 – 30,000+5,000 = 4, 25,000 Crs. Calculate GNP and NNP from the following data. Net income from abroad is Rs. 1,400 Crs. , GDP is Rs. 20, 000 Crs. , depreciation Rs. 1, 000 Crs. Raw materials and intermediate goods used in production is Rs. 4, 000 Crs. Solution: GNP = GDP + Net Income from abroad = 20,000+1,400 GNP= 21,400 Crs. NNP= GNP- Depreciation = 21, 400 – 1,000 Crs. NNP =20. 400 Crs. 3. From the information given below calculate the personal income. NI at factor cost = Rs. 6, 560 Crs. Corporate Income tax = Rs. 324 Crs. Social Security Contributions =Rs. 113 Crs. Undistributed Profits = Rs. 76 Crs. Transfer Earnings = Rs. 230 Crs. Solution: PI = NI- Corporate taxes- Undistributed Profits- Social Security Contributions+ Transfer Payments. PI = 6560 – 324-76-113+230 Crs. = 6560-513+230 Crs. (PI =6277 Crs. 4. From the following data, calculate GDP at market prices. (Rs. In crores) Net National Income10,500